F-r-ldraledigplannerare/backend/app/utils/holidays.py

"""Swedish calendar utilities for leave planning.

Single source of truth for "is this day free" across the app (planning
engine, tips engine). Backed by `app/data/swedish_calendar.json` — a
validated ~30-year cache (2026-2055) built from the Dagsmart API and
cross-checked against the `holidays` library. For years outside the cached
range, falls back to the `holidays` library directly; the fallback only
knows formal röda dagar (+ every Sunday), not de facto days or klämdagar.

Critical trap (see AGENTS.md): the `holidays` library returns *combined*
names when a fixed holiday lands on a Sunday, e.g. Easter Sunday is the
single string "Påskdagen; Söndag". Filtering by `"Söndag" in name` would
silently delete Påskdagen, Pingstdagen, Nationaldagen and Annandag jul
whenever they fall on a Sunday. Always match the *exact* string "Söndag".
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import datetime
import json
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Dict

import holidays

_CACHE_PATH = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "data" / "swedish_calendar.json"

# The generic "just a Sunday" marker. Exact-match only — see module docstring.
# Public so other modules (e.g. allocation_service) share this single
# constant instead of re-declaring the literal and risking drift.
SUNDAY_HOLIDAY_NAME = "Söndag"
_SUNDAY_HOLIDAY_NAME = SUNDAY_HOLIDAY_NAME

# Calendar-cache categories that represent a day off. `bridge_day` (klämdag)
# is deliberately excluded: those are `working_day: true` — cheap days to buy
# with a vacation day, not free days.
_FREE_CATEGORIES = {"public", "de_facto"}

_holiday_cache: Dict[int, Dict[datetime.date, str]] = {}
_raw_cache_by_year: Dict[int, list] | None = None


def _load_raw_cache() -> Dict[int, list]:
    """Lazily load & index `swedish_calendar.json` by year. Empty dict if the
    cache file is missing (all years then fall back to the `holidays` lib)."""
    global _raw_cache_by_year
    if _raw_cache_by_year is None:
        if _CACHE_PATH.exists():
            with open(_CACHE_PATH, encoding="utf-8") as f:
                data = json.load(f)
            _raw_cache_by_year = {
                year_data["year"]: year_data["days"] for year_data in data["years"]
            }
        else:
            _raw_cache_by_year = {}
    return _raw_cache_by_year


def _from_cache(year: int) -> Dict[datetime.date, str] | None:
    """Build the date->name map for `year` from the JSON cache.

    Returns None if `year` isn't in the cached range (caller should fall
    back to the `holidays` library).

    Every Sunday is seeded with the bare "Söndag" marker (the cache itself
    only lists *special* dates, not every ordinary Sunday) so downstream
    free-day logic that predates this cache keeps working unchanged. A
    public/de_facto entry that coincides with a Sunday is combined into
    "<Name>; Söndag", mirroring the `holidays` library's own convention.
    """
    days = _load_raw_cache().get(year)
    if days is None:
        return None

    result: Dict[datetime.date, str] = {}

    day = datetime.date(year, 1, 1)
    one_day = datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    while day.year == year:
        if day.weekday() == 6:  # Sunday
            result[day] = _SUNDAY_HOLIDAY_NAME
        day += one_day

    for entry in days:
        if entry["category"] not in _FREE_CATEGORIES:
            continue
        entry_date = datetime.date.fromisoformat(entry["date"])
        name = entry["name_sv"].capitalize()
        if entry_date in result:  # coincides with the bare Sunday seeded above
            name = f"{name}; {_SUNDAY_HOLIDAY_NAME}"
        result[entry_date] = name

    return result


def _from_library(year: int) -> Dict[datetime.date, str]:
    """Fallback for years outside the cached range: the `holidays` package.

    Only knows formal röda dagar + every Sunday (the library's own
    Sweden-specific quirk) — no de facto days, no klämdagar.
    """
    se_holidays = holidays.Sweden(years=year, language="sv")
    return dict(sorted(se_holidays.items()))


class UncachedYearError(RuntimeError):
    """Raised by a `strict=True` caller when `year` falls outside
    `swedish_calendar.json`'s range (or the cache file is missing).

    This should never fire in normal operation: `CalendarService` clamps its
    requested window to `cached_year_bounds()` first, and the planning
    engine's `AllocationInputLoader` surfaces this as a `ValidationError`
    instead of letting it escape as a raw `RuntimeError` — see
    `app.services.allocation_service.AllocationInputLoader.load`. Hitting
    this in either caller is therefore a bug in that guard, not bad user
    input — fail loudly instead of silently falling back to the `holidays`
    library, which gives strictly poorer answers for the same dates (missing
    de facto days like Julafton/Nyårsafton/Midsommarafton) and would defeat
    the whole point of the cache (see module docstring; §6 offline/
    deterministic guarantee).
    """


def get_swedish_holidays(year: int, *, strict: bool = False) -> Dict[datetime.date, str]:
    """Get all Swedish public holidays + de facto days + Sundays for a year.

    Returns a mapping of date -> Swedish display name. Cached per year;
    subsequent calls with the same year return the same object.

    Args:
        year: Calendar year (e.g., 2026)
        strict: if True, raise `UncachedYearError` instead of silently
            falling back to the `holidays` library when `year` is outside
            the cached range. Checked before consulting the per-year cache
            so a prior non-strict call for the same (uncached) year can
            never mask a later strict call's check.

    Returns:
        Dict mapping datetime.date to holiday name (e.g. "Juldagen", "Julafton")
    """
    if strict:
        bounds = cached_year_bounds()
        if bounds is None or not (bounds[0] <= year <= bounds[1]):
            where = f"range {bounds[0]}-{bounds[1]}" if bounds is not None else "cache (missing)"
            raise UncachedYearError(
                f"Year {year} is outside the cached Swedish calendar {where}; "
                "refusing to fall back to the live `holidays` library for a strict caller."
            )

    if year in _holiday_cache:
        return _holiday_cache[year]

    result = _from_cache(year)
    if result is None:
        result = _from_library(year)

    _holiday_cache[year] = result
    return result


def get_red_days(year: int, *, strict: bool = False) -> Dict[datetime.date, str]:
    """Real red days for `year`: public holidays and de facto days off,
    EXCLUDING ordinary Sundays (the bare "Söndag" marker).

    Matches the exact string only — "Påskdagen; Söndag" (a holiday that
    happens to fall on a Sunday) is kept; only a standalone "Söndag" is
    dropped. Use this (not `get_swedish_holidays`) for red-day cluster
    detection, where a bare weekend must not be conflated with a real
    holiday.

    `strict` is forwarded to `get_swedish_holidays` — see there.
    """
    return {
        d: name
        for d, name in get_swedish_holidays(year, strict=strict).items()
        if name != _SUNDAY_HOLIDAY_NAME
    }


def is_swedish_holiday(date: datetime.date) -> bool:
    """Check if a date is a Swedish public holiday, de facto day, or Sunday."""
    holidays_for_year = get_swedish_holidays(date.year)
    return date in holidays_for_year


def get_holiday_name(date: datetime.date) -> str | None:
    """Get the name of a Swedish public holiday, or None if not a holiday."""
    holidays_for_year = get_swedish_holidays(date.year)
    return holidays_for_year.get(date)


def is_non_working_day(date: datetime.date) -> bool:
    """True if `date` is a weekend day, a public holiday, or a de facto day
    off (julafton, midsommarafton, nyårsafton, ...).

    This is the single source of truth for "is this an ordinary free day"
    used by the planning engine and the tips engine. It does NOT know about
    per-workspace `DayOverride`s — those are applied on top by the caller
    (see `app.services.allocation_service.is_free_day`).
    """
    if date.weekday() >= 5:
        return True
    return is_swedish_holiday(date)


def cached_year_bounds() -> tuple[int, int] | None:
    """(min_year, max_year) covered by `swedish_calendar.json`, or None if the
    cache file is missing.

    Used by `app.services.calendar_service` to validate/paginate the
    calendar-days endpoint window without hardcoding the cached-year range.
    """
    years = _load_raw_cache()
    if not years:
        return None
    return min(years), max(years)


def is_klamdag(date: datetime.date) -> bool:
    """True if `date` is a klämdag: an ordinary working day sandwiched
    between two non-working days (e.g. a Friday between a Thursday public
    holiday and the weekend).

    Verified against `swedish_calendar.json`'s `bridge_day` category: every
    date flagged `bridge_day` satisfies this rule, and nothing else does.
    Computed generically (not read from the cache) so it also works for
    years outside the cached range.
    """
    if is_non_working_day(date):
        return False
    one_day = datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    return is_non_working_day(date - one_day) and is_non_working_day(date + one_day)